210 Real Estate Statistics for 2026

What is the median home price in the US?

The typical existing home sold in the US now costs a little over $400,000 on the National Association of Realtors (NAR) measure, and the median has risen year on year for more than three years. The Census Bureau measures new homes separately, and its annual median has fallen since 2022.

View data table

US median existing-home price by year, all housing types, 2020 to 2025. 2020 to 2022 come from NAR's April 2023 table and 2023 to 2025 from its September 2026 table; the link is to the latest one.

Period	Value
2020	$296,700
2021	$350,700
2022	$386,400
2023	$389,300
2024	$407,600
2025	$414,300

• NAR's median rose year on year for the 39th consecutive month in September 2026, from $412,300 a year earlier. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• The single-family median was $422,700 in September 2026 and the condo and co-op median $363,700. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• The highest monthly median in NAR's current table is $442,800, in June 2026. Medians are seasonal and peak each summer. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• By region, the September 2026 median was $613,600 in the West, $523,600 in the Northeast, $361,000 in the South and $329,600 in the Midwest; only the West fell year on year, by 0.3%. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• A decade earlier, NAR's annual median was $208,300 in 2014 and $233,800 in 2016. (NAR (existing-home sales), Mar 2017)
• The average new house sold for $472,800 in September 2026. The median was 3.9% lower than a year earlier, a fall Census says is not statistically significant. (Census (New Residential Sales), Oct 2026)
• The annual median new-home price peaked at $434,500 in 2022 and has fallen each year since, to $417,400 in 2025; in 2010 it was $221,800. (Census (New Residential Sales), Nov 2026)
• Vacant homes on the market had a median asking price of $353,600 in the third quarter of 2026. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• Owners valued their homes at a median $371,100 in 2025, on their own estimates, with Hawaii highest at $901,500. (Census (ACS), Oct 2026)

These are four different measures and are not compared with each other. NAR's median is the middle price of existing homes sold; the Census median covers new houses sold; the Housing Vacancy Survey (HVS) figure is the asking price of vacant homes for sale; the American Community Survey (ACS) figure is what owners think their home is worth. None is a price index. All are nominal.

How fast are US home prices rising?

Slowly. The two main repeat-sales indices both show US prices up about 2% a year in 2026, far slower than in 2020 and 2021, and after inflation prices are falling.

View data table

FHFA US purchase-only House Price Index, seasonally adjusted, fourth quarter of each year, 2010 to 2025 (first quarter of 1991 = 100), on the current revised series.

Period	Value
2010	181.06
2011	176.31
2012	184.78
2013	197.30
2014	206.15
2015	217.28
2016	229.93
2017	244.09
2018	257.39
2019	271.47
2020	301.66
2021	354.13
2022	381.31
2023	404.65
2024	423.13
2025	431.73

• On FHFA's monthly index, prices rose 0.3% from July to August 2026, and July's gain was revised down to 0.2%. (FHFA (House Price Index), Oct 2026)
• Across the nine census divisions, 12-month changes to August 2026 ranged from +0.5% in the Mountain division to +4.4% in the East North Central division. (FHFA (House Price Index), Oct 2026)
• Prices rose 2.1% between the second quarters of 2025 and 2026 and rose in 46 states and DC. Alaska led at 8.3%, then Vermont at 7.3% and Hawaii at 5.8%; New Mexico fell most, by 1.2%. (FHFA (House Price Index), Aug 2026)
• Among the 100 largest metro areas, Elgin, IL had the fastest rise in the year to the second quarter of 2026, 7.7%, and Everett, WA the largest fall, 3.7%. (FHFA (House Price Index), Aug 2026)
• On FHFA's current revised index, prices rose about 2.0% over 2025, fourth quarter on fourth quarter, calculated from FHFA's index levels. (FHFA (House Price Index), Nov 2026)
• The index fell from a pre-crash peak of 222.84 in the first quarter of 2007 to 175.49 in the second quarter of 2011 (first quarter of 1991 = 100). (FHFA (House Price Index), Nov 2026)
• The S&P Cotality Case-Shiller US National Index rose 2.1% in the year to August 2026; the 10-City Composite rose 3.6% and the 20-City Composite 2.7%. (S&P Cotality Case-Shiller, Oct 2026)
• Adjusted for inflation, US home values fell for the 15th consecutive month to August 2026 on the Case-Shiller measure. (S&P Cotality Case-Shiller, Oct 2026)
• Chicago had the largest annual gain of the 20 Case-Shiller cities, 6.70%, followed by New York at 6.19%; Seattle fell most, by 1.96%, then Las Vegas, by 1.29%. (S&P Cotality Case-Shiller, Oct 2026)
• The national index stood at 336.74 in August 2026, down 0.2% on July before seasonal adjustment and up 0.3% after it. (S&P Cotality Case-Shiller, Oct 2026)

FHFA's index covers single-family homes bought with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgages and is seasonally adjusted. Case-Shiller covers repeat sales in its markets and headlines a figure that is not seasonally adjusted, with a two-month lag. Both track homes that sell more than once, but coverage and weights differ, so their growth rates are not interchangeable, and neither is a price level. FHFA revises past quarters, so only the current vintage is used.

Where are US homes most and least expensive?

California dominates the top of the price table: nine of the ten most expensive US metro areas are in the state, led by San Jose. The cheapest markets, mostly small cities in the Midwest and upstate New York, have medians under $200,000.

1. 1 San Jose, CA $1,920,000
2. 2 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA $1,470,000
3. 3 San Francisco-Oakland, CA $1,350,900
4. 4 Urban Honolulu, HI $1,199,700
5. 5 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA $1,075,000
6. 6 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA $958,500
7. 7 San Luis Obispo, CA $956,300
8. 8 Salinas, CA $948,900
9. 9 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks, CA $940,000
10. 10 Bridgeport-Stamford, CT $874,200

• The US median existing single-family home price was $432,900 in the third quarter of 2026, up 1.7% on a year earlier. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• Prices rose in 78% of the roughly 235 metro areas NAR tracks and fell in 21%; 4% saw double-digit gains. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA was the most expensive metro at $1,920,000, followed by Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA at $1,470,000 and San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA at $1,350,900. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• San Jose's median for the full year 2025 was $2,000,000. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• Decatur, IL had a third-quarter median of $158,100 and Elmira, NY $175,800, among the lowest in NAR's table. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• For the full year 2025, the single-family median was $628,600 in the West, $521,400 in the Northeast, $369,800 in the South and $321,100 in the Midwest. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• In the third quarter of 2026, the West was the only region where the median fell, by 0.6% to $629,000; the Northeast rose 4.0% to $561,500. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)
• Among large markets, Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS had the largest annual rise, 11.0%, followed by Rochester, NY at 10.9% and Jackson, MS at 10.1%. (NAR (metro home prices), Oct 2026)

These are NAR quarterly medians for existing single-family homes only, so the national figure differs from NAR's monthly median for all housing types. Small metros have few sales and volatile medians. Third-quarter 2026 figures are preliminary.

How many homes are sold in the US each year?

Existing-home sales have been stuck near 4 million a year since 2023, down from more than 6 million in 2021. Inventory is slowly building, which gives buyers more choice.

View data table

US existing-home sales by year, actual totals in millions, 2020 to 2025. 2020 to 2022 come from NAR's April 2023 table and 2023 to 2025 from its September 2026 table; the link is to the latest one.

Period	Value
2020	5.64m
2021	6.12m
2022	5.03m
2023	4.09m
2024	4.06m
2025	4.06m

• Sales rose 1.5% from August to September 2026 but were 2.2% lower than in September 2025. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• Actual sales in the first nine months of 2026 totalled 3.087 million: 2.806 million single-family homes and 0.281 million condos and co-ops. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• 4.06 million existing homes were sold in 2025, the same as in 2024, after 4.09 million in 2023. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• There were 1.60 million existing homes for sale at the end of September 2026, up 4.6% on a year earlier, a 4.8-month supply at the current sales pace. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• Supply at the end of the year has lengthened from 3.1 months in 2023 to 3.7 months in 2024 and 4.2 months in 2025. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• By region, sales ran at annual rates of 1.86 million in the South, 930,000 in the Midwest, 730,000 in the West and 470,000 in the Northeast in September 2026. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• In NAR's monthly Realtors Confidence Index survey, first-time buyers made 31% of September 2026 sales, all-cash buyers 27% (30% a year earlier), investors and second-home buyers 20%, and distressed sales 2%. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• Homes typically sold after 33 days on the market in September 2026. (NAR (existing-home sales), Oct 2026)
• NAR's Pending Home Sales Index of contract signings fell 7.3% to 66.0 in September 2026 and was 11.3% lower than a year earlier; the West fell most, by 15.0%. (NAR (pending home sales), Oct 2026)

Monthly sales are seasonally adjusted annual rates (SAAR): the pace at which homes would sell over a year if that month's rate held. They are not counts. Annual and year-to-date figures are actual sales. The 31% first-time share comes from NAR's monthly survey of agents and covers all existing-home sales, including investors; it is a different measure from the share in NAR's annual Profile of buyers, and the two are not compared.

How many new homes are built and sold in the US?

Builders have sold between about 640,000 and 690,000 new single-family homes a year since 2022, far below the 2005 peak, and the supply of new homes for sale stands above eight months of sales. Housing starts have slipped from their 2021 high, though apartment building picked up in 2025.

View data table

New single-family houses sold in the US by year, actual totals, 2010 to 2025. Sales climbed from 2011 to 2020, then fell back.

Period	Value
2010	323k
2011	306k
2012	368k
2013	429k
2014	437k
2015	501k
2016	561k
2017	613k
2018	617k
2019	683k
2020	822k
2021	771k
2022	641k
2023	666k
2024	686k
2025	678k

• New single-family homes sold at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 676,000 in September 2026, 5.3% below September 2025, a change Census says is not statistically significant. (Census (New Residential Sales), Oct 2026)
• 678,000 new single-family houses were actually sold in 2025, against 686,000 in 2024; the South took 412,000 of them and the Northeast 33,000. (Census (New Residential Sales), Oct 2026)
• New-home sales reached 1,283,000 in 2005 and fell to 306,000 in 2011. (Census (New Residential Sales), Nov 2026)
• There were 476,000 new houses for sale at the end of September 2026, seasonally adjusted, 8.4 months of supply at the current sales rate. (Census (New Residential Sales), Oct 2026)
• 111,000 of the new homes for sale were finished and waiting for a buyer in September 2026, not seasonally adjusted, against 134,000 at the end of 2025 and 118,000 at the end of 2024. (Census (New Residential Sales), Oct 2026)
• Of the new homes sold in 2025, 119,000 were priced under $300,000 and 44,000 at $1 million or more. (Census (New Residential Sales), Oct 2026)
• Housing starts ran at an annual rate of 1,221,000 in September 2026, including 859,000 single-family homes, and building permits at 1,400,000. (Census (New Residential Construction), Oct 2026)
• Completions ran at an annual rate of 1,192,000, 14.0% below September 2025, a statistically significant fall. (Census (New Residential Construction), Oct 2026)
• 1,355,800 homes were started in 2025: 939,700 single-family homes and 396,900 in buildings of five or more units. (Census (New Residential Construction), Nov 2026)
• Annual starts rose from 586,900 in 2010 to 1,601,000 in 2021, the highest of 2010 to 2025. (Census (New Residential Construction), Nov 2026)
• 1,626,900 homes were completed in 2024, the most of any year from 2010 to 2025, followed by 1,488,500 in 2025. (Census (New Residential Construction), Nov 2026)
• The median new single-family home completed in 2025 had 2,142 square feet of floor area, and 41% of homes built for sale sat on a lot under 7,000 square feet. (Census (Characteristics of New Housing), 2025)
• Residential construction spending ran at an annual rate of $848.8 billion in September 2026, 5.5% below August. (Census (Construction Spending), Nov 2026)

Monthly sales, starts, permits and completions are seasonally adjusted annual rates and preliminary; Census revises them. Annual figures are actual counts. New-home sales cover single-family houses only, while starts and completions include apartments. Census new-home figures are not comparable with NAR existing-home figures.

What are US mortgage rates, and who gets a mortgage?

Mortgage rates have climbed back above 7% this autumn after dipping below 6% in February 2026, far above the record low of January 2021. About one in ten applications to buy a home was turned down in 2023, and denial rates were much higher for Black and Hispanic applicants.

View data table

Selected weekly readings of the US 30-year fixed mortgage rate: the first in April 1971, the record low in January 2021, and the first, lowest, highest and latest weeks of 2026.

Period	Value
Apr 1971	7.33%
7 Jan 2021	2.65%
8 Jan 2026	6.16%
26 Feb 2026	5.98%
8 Oct 2026	7.40%
5 Nov 2026	7.18%

• The 30-year rate fell for a third week running to 5 November 2026, from 7.24% a week earlier. (Freddie Mac (PMMS), Nov 2026)
• The 15-year fixed rate averaged 6.57% in the same week, against 5.50% a year earlier. (Freddie Mac (PMMS), Nov 2026)
• Weekly 30-year readings in 2026 have ranged from 5.98% in the week of 26 February to 7.40% in the weeks of 8 and 15 October; the first reading of the year was 6.16%. (Freddie Mac (PMMS), Nov 2026)
• The lowest weekly 30-year rate since the survey began in April 1971 was 2.65%, in the week of 7 January 2021; the first reading, in April 1971, was 7.33%. (Freddie Mac (PMMS), Nov 2026)
• The 2026 conforming loan limit for a one-unit home is $832,750 in most of the US, up $26,250, and $1,249,125 in high-cost areas. (FHFA (loan limits), Nov 2025)
• In 2023, 5,113 lenders reported about 10 million mortgage applications and 5.7 million originations, against 14.3 million applications and 8.4 million originations in 2022. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)
• Lenders made about 3.2 million single-family home-purchase loans in 2023, down 21.3%, while refinance loans fell 64.2% to 796,000. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)
• Independent mortgage companies made 61.9% of closed-end home-purchase loans in 2023, about 1.7 million. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)
• The denial rate for home-purchase applications was 9.4% in 2023, up from 9.1% in 2022. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)
• Black applicants were denied 17.1% of the time and Hispanic white applicants 12.7%, against 9.7% for Asian and 6.8% for non-Hispanic white applicants; these raw rates do not control for credit scores or debt. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)
• Median total loan costs on home-purchase loans were $6,684 in 2023, up 12.2% from $5,954, and 56.6% of loans paid discount points. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)
• The average monthly principal and interest payment on a conventional conforming 30-year fixed loan rose from $2,045 in December 2022 to $2,295 in December 2023. (CFPB (HMDA), Dec 2024)

Freddie Mac's survey rate is a weekly average for conventional conforming loans to borrowers with strong credit and a 20% down payment; it is not seasonally adjusted and changes every Thursday. The lending figures are 2023 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) records, the latest year the CFPB has summarised; they cover most but not all US lending, count applications and loans, not dollars, and exclude withdrawn and incomplete applications from denial rates.

How much mortgage debt and home equity do Americans have?

Americans owe roughly $13 trillion to $14 trillion on home mortgages, depending on the measure, while their homes are worth far more, so owners hold most of their homes' value as equity. A growing number of homes have no mortgage at all.

View data table

US mortgage balances on consumer credit reports at the end of each year, 2010 to 2025, excluding HELOCs, in trillions of dollars.

Period	Value
2010	$8.45tn
2011	$8.27tn
2012	$8.03tn
2013	$8.05tn
2014	$8.17tn
2015	$8.25tn
2016	$8.48tn
2017	$8.88tn
2018	$9.12tn
2019	$9.56tn
2020	$10.04tn
2021	$10.93tn
2022	$11.92tn
2023	$12.25tn
2024	$12.61tn
2025	$13.17tn

• Mortgage balances fell by $74 billion in the second quarter of 2026, mostly because of a gap in servicer reporting, the New York Fed says. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• Home equity line of credit (HELOC) balances were $459 billion at the end of June 2026, up for a 17th straight quarter, and total household debt was $18.8 trillion. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• $505 billion of new mortgage debt was originated in the second quarter of 2026, for home purchases and refinancing. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• The busiest quarter for originations in the series was the second quarter of 2021, at $1.218 trillion. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• Mortgage balances fell from $8.45 trillion at the end of 2010 to $8.03 trillion at the end of 2012, then grew every year from 2014. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• One-to-four-family residential mortgages owed by households and nonprofits were $13.98 trillion at the end of June 2026, on the Fed's Financial Accounts. (Federal Reserve (Z.1), Sep 2026)
• Households' owner-occupied real estate was worth $49.79 trillion, and owners' equity was 71.9% of its value. (Federal Reserve (Z.1), Sep 2026)
• Owners' equity was $31.71 trillion at the end of 2023, $33.50 trillion at the end of 2024 and $34.07 trillion at the end of 2025. (Federal Reserve (Z.1), Sep 2026)
• Household and nonprofit net worth was $195.87 trillion at the end of June 2026, up from $182.27 trillion at the end of 2025. (Federal Reserve (Z.1), Sep 2026)
• 59.0% of owned homes had a mortgage in 2025, down from 61.3% in 2021, and homes owned free and clear rose to nearly 35.9 million from 34.9 million. (Census (ACS), Oct 2026)

The New York Fed counts mortgage balances on consumer credit reports, excluding HELOCs. The Federal Reserve's Financial Accounts (Z.1) measure one-to-four-family mortgage liabilities of households and nonprofits from lender data. The two are built differently and are never added or compared. All figures are nominal. The New York Fed's third-quarter 2026 report was not yet published at our last check, so its figures are for the second quarter of 2026.

How many US homes are in foreclosure?

Foreclosures are rising again but remain a small fraction of the 2010 peak. Lenders repossessed fewer than 50,000 homes in 2025, against more than a million in 2010, and the share of mortgage debt seriously behind is still under 1%.

View data table

US homes repossessed by lenders (REO) in 2010, 2019 and 2025, on ATTOM's count of properties.

Period	Value
2010	1,050,500
2019	143,955
2025	46,439

• Filings in 2025 were up 14% on 2024 but down 25% on 2019 and 87% below the 2010 peak of nearly 2.9 million; they touched 0.26% of US housing units. (ATTOM, Jan 2026)
• Lenders started foreclosure on 289,441 properties in 2025 and repossessed 46,439, up 27% on 2024. (ATTOM, Jan 2026)
• Homes foreclosed in the fourth quarter of 2025 had spent an average of 592 days in the process. (ATTOM, Jan 2026)
• Florida had the highest foreclosure rate in 2025, one filing for every 230 housing units, ahead of Delaware (1 in 240) and South Carolina (1 in 242). (ATTOM, Jan 2026)
• 227,548 properties had foreclosure filings in the first half of 2026, up 21% on a year earlier, and completed foreclosures rose 33% to 27,983. (ATTOM, Jul 2026)
• The average time to foreclose fell to 563 days in the second quarter of 2026, the lowest since 2013. (ATTOM, Jul 2026)
• 40,277 properties had a filing in August 2026, up 13% on a year earlier, or one in every 3,569 housing units; South Carolina had the highest state rate. (ATTOM, Sep 2026)
• About 55,000 people had a new foreclosure noted on their credit reports in the second quarter of 2026. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• The quarterly count of people with a new foreclosure peaked at 566,000 in the second quarter of 2009. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• 0.99% of mortgage balances were 90 or more days delinquent in the second quarter of 2026, down from 1.09% in the first quarter and far below 8.89% in the first quarter of 2010. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)
• Mortgage balances moved into serious delinquency at an annualised rate of 1.52% in the second quarter of 2026, above the 1.10% of the fourth quarter of 2019. (New York Fed, Aug 2026)

ATTOM, a private data company, counts properties from public records. The New York Fed counts people with a new foreclosure on their credit report, so a jointly held mortgage can count twice, and its delinquency figures are shares of mortgage balances. The measures are different and are not combined.

What share of Americans own their home?

About two in three US households own their home, below the 2004 peak. Ownership is far lower among young households and among Black and Hispanic households, and about one in ten homes stands empty at any time, mostly seasonal homes or homes held off the market.

1. 1 Under 35 36.6%
2. 2 35 to 44 60.1%
3. 3 45 to 54 70.4%
4. 4 55 to 64 75.4%
5. 5 65 and over 79.1%

• The rate was not statistically different from a year earlier or from 65.0% in the second quarter of 2026; seasonally adjusted, it was 65.4%. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• The rate peaked at 69.2% in 2004, and the quarterly series began at 63.1% in 1964. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• Ownership among householders under 35 has fallen from 39.3% in the third quarter of 2022 to 37.5% in 2025 and 36.6% in 2026. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• The under-35 rate peaked at 43.6% in the second quarter of 2004. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• 75.1% of non-Hispanic White householders owned their home in the third quarter of 2026, against 62.3% of Asian, 48.1% of Hispanic and 44.4% of Black householders. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• In 1994 the rates were 69.8% for non-Hispanic White, 42.1% for Black and 40.3% for Hispanic householders; Census notes that race categories changed in 2003. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• The Midwest had the highest rate, 69.5%, and the West the lowest, 60.6%. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• Households with income at or above the median family income had a rate of 78.3%, against 52.6% for those below it. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• There were 149,812,000 housing units in the third quarter of 2026: 87,749,000 owner-occupied, 46,251,000 rented and 15,812,000 vacant. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• Of the vacant homes, 3,866,000 were for rent, 1,064,000 for sale only, 3,471,000 seasonal and 6,509,000 held off the market. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• The rental vacancy rate was 7.6% and the homeowner vacancy rate 1.2%; rental vacancy was up from 7.1% a year earlier, and highest in the South at 9.2%. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• The American Community Survey put the 2025 homeownership rate at 65.3%, unchanged from 2024, and found 9.6% of homes vacant, of which only 27.8% were for sale or rent. (Census (ACS), Oct 2026)

The headline figures are from the Census Bureau's quarterly Housing Vacancy Survey (HVS) and are not seasonally adjusted unless stated. The American Community Survey (ACS) is a separate annual survey with its own ownership and vacancy rates; the two are not mixed. Both count households. The fourth quarter of 2025 used only November and December data because of the 2025 federal funding lapse.

Who buys homes in the US?

Buyers are older than ever: the typical repeat buyer is 62, and first-time buyers make up only about one in five purchases. More of them pay cash, often with family money behind them.

View data table

First-time buyers as a share of US primary-residence buyers, by edition of NAR's Profile (each covers July to June). Each edition comes from the release for that year; the link is to the latest one.

Period	Value
2024	24%
2025	21%
2026	22%

• First-time buyers who took a mortgage had a median age of 38, against 54 for those who paid all cash. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• Repeat buyers made 78% of purchases and had a median age of 62, matching the all-time high; the median age of all buyers was 58, down from 59. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• In 1981, the median repeat buyer was 36. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• A record 10% of first-time buyers paid all cash, and 30% of repeat buyers did. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• The median down payment was 9% of the price for first-time buyers and 19% for repeat buyers. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• First-time buyers funded their down payment from savings (62%), financial assets such as a 401(k), shares or crypto (30%) and gifts or loans from family and friends (25%); a record share used an inheritance. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• Repeat buyers had a median household income of $127,000, up from $111,700 a year earlier. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• Sellers had lived in their home for a median 12 years, an all-time high, and buyers moved a median 30 miles. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• 14% of buyers bought a multigenerational home and 26% had children under 18 at home, up from 24%. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• 47% of first-time buyers were married couples, 25% single women, 12% single men and 11% unmarried couples. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• 31% of buyers chose a neighbourhood for its convenience to their job, down from 52% in 2014. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• In the 2024 edition, 51% of buyers found the home they bought online and 29% through an agent, and buyers typically viewed seven homes. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2024)

NAR's Profile is an annual survey of people who bought a home to live in between July and June (7,125 responses for 2026), so it excludes investors and second homes. Its first-time share is a different measure from the 31% in NAR's monthly agent survey in the sales section, and the two are not compared. NAR is the trade body for real estate agents.

How much does it cost to rent in the US?

Rent growth has slowed sharply since 2023 and is now running below 3% a year on the official consumer price measure. The typical renter pays a little over $1,500 a month including utilities.

View data table

US CPI rent of primary residence, 12-month change to December of each year, 2019 to 2025, not seasonally adjusted.

Period	Value
2019	3.7%
2020	2.3%
2021	3.3%
2022	8.3%
2023	6.5%
2024	4.3%
2025	2.9%

• The CPI index for rent of primary residence rose 2.8% in the 12 months to September 2026; shelter rose 3.2% and owners' equivalent rent 3.3%. (BLS (CPI), Oct 2026)
• Shelter has a relative importance of 35.323 in the CPI-U, the weight it carries in the index. (BLS (CPI), Oct 2026)
• Rent inflation peaked at 8.8% a year in February, March and April 2023. (BLS (CPI), Nov 2026)
• Median gross rent rose 2.0% after inflation in 2025, and median contract rent, before utilities, was $1,371. (Census (ACS), Oct 2026)
• Vacant homes for rent had a median asking rent of $1,541 in the third quarter of 2026. (Census (HVS), Oct 2026)
• HUD's national non-metropolitan rent for fiscal year 2027, the population-weighted median two-bedroom Fair Market Rent across non-metro areas and the floor for its voucher benchmarks, is $1,014. (HUD (Fair Market Rents), Sep 2026)

The CPI tracks rent changes for all renters, including existing leases, so it lags asking-rent measures. ACS rents are what occupied rental homes pay; the HVS figure is the asking rent on vacant homes; HUD's Fair Market Rents are program benchmarks, generally at the 40th percentile. These are four different measures. October 2025 CPI data were not collected because of the federal funding lapse.

How affordable is housing in the US?

Owning a median-priced home costs a median-income household well over the 30% of income usually treated as affordable. Lower-income renters carry the heaviest burden, and homelessness is near its record.

1. 1 $10,000 to $19,999 84%
2. 2 $20,000 to $34,999 86%
3. 3 $35,000 to $49,999 72.1%
4. 4 $100,000 or more 8%

• The total monthly cost of owning the median-priced home was $3,172 in August 2026, for a median household income of $86,656. (Atlanta Fed, Aug 2026)
• The income needed to qualify for that home was 46.4% above actual median income, and just over 82% of US metro areas were unaffordable on the Atlanta Fed's measure. (Atlanta Fed, Aug 2026)
• NAR's Housing Affordability Index reached 117.6 in February 2026, its highest since March 2022; 100 means a median-income family has exactly enough income to qualify for a median-priced home. (NAR (Housing Affordability Index), Mar 2026)
• The median renter spent 30.9% of household income on rent and utilities in 2025, and the median owner with a mortgage 21.9% on housing costs, up from 21.4%. (Census (ACS), Oct 2026)
• Median monthly owner costs for homes with a mortgage were $2,163 in 2025, up 3.5% after inflation, and the median annual property insurance bill rose from $1,600 to $1,738. (Census (ACS), Oct 2026)
• 8.46 million very low-income renter households had worst case housing needs in 2023, 44.2% of such renters, a record share. (HUD (Worst Case Housing Needs), Jul 2025)
• Only 59 affordable rental homes were available for every 100 very low-income renter households in 2023, and 38 for every 100 extremely low-income households. (HUD (Worst Case Housing Needs), Jul 2025)
• 745,652 people were homeless in the US on a single night in January 2025, 3% fewer than the 2024 record; 266,320 of them were unsheltered. (HUD (AHAR), May 2026)
• That was about 155,000 more homeless people than in 2013, a 26% increase. (HUD (AHAR), May 2026)

The Atlanta Fed's monitor uses its own median price, interest rate and costs, including taxes and insurance, and treats 30% of income as affordable; its inputs are not NAR, Census or Freddie Mac figures. NAR's index assumes a 20% down payment. ACS figures are annual survey medians. HUD's worst case needs come from the 2023 American Housing Survey, and the homeless figure is a one-night count in January that HUD says likely misses some unsheltered people. In the $35,000 to $49,999 band, 41.7% of owners were also cost-burdened.

Is there a housing shortage in the US?

Most estimates say yes, by several million homes, but they vary with the method and none is an official count. Builders meanwhile are the gloomiest since 2012 and are cutting prices to sell.

View data table

NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index, December reading of each year and the latest month, seasonally adjusted. 50 is the line between more builders rating conditions good and more rating them poor.

Period	Value
Dec 2020	86
Dec 2021	84
Dec 2022	31
Dec 2023	37
Dec 2024	46
Dec 2025	39
Oct 2026	29

• Freddie Mac estimated the US housing shortage at 3.7 million homes as of the third quarter of 2024, down from 3.8 million at the end of 2020. (Freddie Mac (housing supply), Nov 2024)
• NAR's 2026 president told the Senate in June 2026 that NAR data show a shortage of 4.7 million homes. (NAR, Jun 2026)
• The NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index of builder confidence in new single-family homes fell three points to 29 in October 2026, the lowest since June 2012. (NAHB, Oct 2026)
• 43% of builders cut prices in October 2026, the highest share of the 2020-2026 period, by an average of 6%, and 65% used sales incentives. (NAHB, Oct 2026)
• Builders' rating of current sales fell to 33, of sales expectations for the next six months to 32, and of buyer traffic to 18. (NAHB, Oct 2026)
• The index hit 90 in November 2020, months after a pandemic low of 30 in April 2020. (NAHB, Oct 2026)

Shortage figures are model estimates by each producer, comparing the housing stock with household demand and normal vacancy; they are not official counts, and NAR lobbies on housing supply. Freddie Mac's estimate is two years old. The builder index is a survey of NAHB members, not a measure of sales.

How many Realtors are there, and what changed on commissions?

NAR has about 1.4 million members, slightly fewer than a year ago. Since August 2024, offers to pay buyers' agents can no longer appear on listing services, yet almost all buyers and sellers still use an agent.

• NAR had 1,439,163 members on 18 June 2026, down from 1,463,352 a year earlier. (NAR (membership), Jun 2026)
• NAR had 1,453,690 members on 31 May 2025, above its 2025 budget forecast of 1.4 million; during the 2008-2010 downturn, membership fell from 1.4 million to roughly 1 million. (NAR (membership), Jun 2025)
• A federal court in the Western District of Missouri gave final approval on 26 November 2024 to NAR's settlement of the broker-commission class actions; NAR pays $418 million over about four years. (NAR (settlement), Nov 2024)
• Since 17 August 2024, offers of buyer-broker pay may not be published on a multiple listing service (MLS), and agents working with buyers need a written agreement before touring a home. (NAR (settlement), Sep 2024)
• 90% of buyers used an agent or broker, the highest share in four decades, and 92% of sellers did, an all-time high. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)
• Homes sold by owners without an agent were 5% of sales, matching the all-time low. (NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers), Nov 2026)

NAR counts its own members, not every licensed agent in the US. No official source yet measures how commission rates changed after the settlement, so none is quoted. Agent-use figures come from NAR's 2026 Profile survey of buyers and sellers.

How much do homes cost in the UK, and who owns them?

UK house prices are almost flat in cash terms and falling in London, while private rents are still rising by close to 4% a year. In England, about two in three households own their home, and London homes cost more than ten times local earnings.

View data table

UK average house price in December of each year, 2015 to 2025, from the August 2026 edition of the UK HPI data.

Period	Value
2015	£188,767
2016	£198,513
2017	£207,568
2018	£211,621
2019	£213,521
2020	£228,446
2021	£245,189
2022	£263,190
2023	£256,177
2024	£263,991
2025	£268,002

• UK prices rose 0.3% from July to August 2026. (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• England's average price was £294,000 in August 2026 (+0.4%), Wales £216,000 (+3.1%) and Scotland £198,000 (+2.9%); Northern Ireland's was £202,000 in the second quarter (+9.2%). (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• London's average price was £554,430, down 2.2% on a year earlier, the weakest of any English region; the North East rose most, by 3.2%. (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• Detached homes averaged £443,846 in August 2026, semi-detached £278,675, terraced £232,505 and flats or maisonettes £194,148. (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• In Great Britain, first-time buyers paid an average £230,097 in August 2026 and former owner-occupiers £336,228. (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• New-build homes sold for an average £341,829 in June 2026, against £267,217 for existing homes. (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• On the revised series, UK prices fell 2.7% in the year to December 2023, then rose 3.1% in 2024 and 1.5% in 2025; London's December average was £550,040 in 2025, below £572,384 in 2022. (HM Land Registry (UK HPI), Oct 2026)
• 94,800 residential sales of £40,000 or more completed in the UK in September 2026, seasonally adjusted, 4% fewer than a year earlier. (HMRC, Oct 2026)
• UK sales totalled 1,144,580 in the financial year 2025-26, against 1,702,710 in 2006-07 and 796,060 in 2008-09. (HMRC, Oct 2026)
• Average UK private rent rose 3.8% to £1,406 a month in the 12 months to September 2026; England averaged £1,466 (+4.0%), Scotland £1,011 (+0.7%) and Wales £848 (+4.1%). (ONS (private rents), Oct 2026)
• London had the highest average rent, £2,338, and the North East the lowest, £790; the North West had the fastest rise, 5.7%. (ONS (private rents), Oct 2026)
• The median home in England cost £300,000 in the year to March 2025, 7.6 times median full-time earnings of £39,300, the lowest ratio since 2015; London's ratio was 10.6 and the North East's 5.0. (ONS (housing affordability), Mar 2026)
• 65% of households in England, 16.2 million, owned their home in 2024-25: 36% outright and 29% with a mortgage. Private renters were 19% and social renters 16%. (MHCLG (English Housing Survey), Jul 2026)
• Home ownership in England peaked at 71% of households in 2003 and fell to 63% in 2013-14. (MHCLG (English Housing Survey), Jul 2026)

The UK HPI average is a mix-adjusted mean of completed, registered sales, provisional for recent months, and is not comparable with NAR or Census medians. ONS affordability ratios use median prices instead. HMRC counts completed sales of £40,000 or more by financial year. ONS rents cover all private tenancies, including existing lets. The English Housing Survey covers England only and counts households. First-time buyer prices before January 2026 contained an error, so they are not compared over time.

What is happening to house prices in Canada and Australia?

Canada's resale market is cooling, with prices below a year earlier and sales forecast to fall in 2026. In Australia the average home is worth more than A$1.1 million, and Queensland and Western Australia have overtaken Victoria.

1. 1 New South Wales A$1,304,900
2. 2 Queensland A$1,130,600
3. 3 Western Australia A$1,123,700
4. 4 ACT A$981,700
5. 5 South Australia A$979,600
6. 6 Victoria A$918,400
7. 7 Tasmania A$733,200
8. 8 Northern Territory A$614,400

• Canadian home sales over MLS systems fell 2.3% from August to September 2026, seasonally adjusted, and actual sales were 7.7% below September 2025. (CREA, Oct 2026)
• The national average price was C$666,538 in September 2026, down 1.6% on a year earlier, while the MLS Home Price Index, which adjusts for the mix of homes, was down 3.4%. (CREA, Oct 2026)
• Canada had 4.9 months of inventory and a sales-to-new-listings ratio of 48.8% at the end of September 2026. (CREA, Oct 2026)
• 470,314 homes were sold over Canadian MLS systems in 2025, down 1.9% on 2024. (CREA, Jan 2026)
• CREA forecast in October 2026 that sales will fall 5.2% to 444,530 in 2026 and rise 4.4% to 464,235 in 2027, with the average price up 0.2% to C$681,681 in 2026. (CREA, Oct 2026)
• Statistics Canada's New Housing Price Index of builders' prices for new homes fell 0.2% in September 2026; Ontario fell 0.5% and British Columbia rose 0.5%. (Statistics Canada, Oct 2026)
• Canada's homeownership rate was 66.5% of households in 2021, down from a peak of 69.0% in 2011, on the Census of Population. (Statistics Canada, Sep 2022)
• Australia's 11,531,100 homes were worth A$12,688.9 billion in the June quarter 2026, and households owned A$12,183.3 billion of that. (ABS, Sep 2026)
• The mean Australian dwelling price was A$1,100,400 in the June quarter 2026, down A$8,200 on the quarter. (ABS, Sep 2026)
• Australians took out 134,225 new home loans worth A$97.6 billion in the June quarter 2026, excluding refinancing; 29,319 went to first home buyers. (ABS, Aug 2026)
• Investor loan commitments numbered 52,599, worth A$37.1 billion, down 10.2% in value on the quarter. (ABS, Aug 2026)

CREA is the industry body for Canadian real estate agents and covers resales on MLS systems; its average price and its Home Price Index are different measures. Statistics Canada's index covers new homes only. ABS mean prices value the whole housing stock, not sales, and the latest quarter is preliminary. CREA's 2026 and 2027 figures are forecasts. Canada's ownership rate is a share of households.

How are house prices changing in Europe?

House prices across the EU are rising, led by double-digit annual gains in Portugal, Bulgaria, Lithuania and Spain, while Germany is close to flat and France is falling. About two thirds of EU residents live in a home their household owns, but in Germany fewer than half do.

1. 1 Portugal 16.5%
2. 2 Bulgaria 15.5%
3. 3 Lithuania 14.3%
4. 4 Slovakia 13.6%
5. 5 Croatia 12.7%
6. 6 Spain 12.1%
7. 7 Romania 12.1%
8. 8 EU 4.7%
9. 9 Euro area 4.0%
10. 10 Germany 0.6%

• Euro-area house prices rose 4.0% in the year to the second quarter of 2026, and the EU rate slowed from 5.1% in the first quarter. (Eurostat (house price index), Oct 2026)
• Portugal had the fastest annual rise, 16.5%, followed by Bulgaria at 15.5%, Lithuania at 14.3% and Slovakia at 13.6%. (Eurostat (house price index), Oct 2026)
• Croatia rose 12.7% and Spain and Romania 12.1% each, while prices fell 2.2% in Luxembourg and 2.7% in Finland. (Eurostat (house price index), Oct 2026)
• German residential property prices rose 0.6% on a year earlier in the second quarter of 2026 and 0.3% on the first quarter, on Destatis's index. (Destatis, Sep 2026)
• Prices of existing homes in France fell 1.0% in the second quarter of 2026 and 0.8% on a year earlier; houses fell 1.3% and apartments 0.1%. (INSEE, Sep 2026)
• An estimated 958,000 existing homes were sold in France in the 12 months to June 2026. (INSEE, Sep 2026)
• 68.5% of EU residents lived in a home owned by their household in 2025, down from 70.0% in 2020. (Eurostat (EU-SILC), Oct 2026)
• Ownership was highest in Slovakia (93.8%), Romania (93.2%) and Croatia (91.4%), and lowest in Germany (47.2%), Austria (54.2%) and Denmark (58.4%). (Eurostat (EU-SILC), Oct 2026)
• 77.1% of people in Italy, 73.6% in Spain and 61.4% in France lived in an owned home in 2025. (Eurostat (EU-SILC), Oct 2026)

Eurostat's index covers new and existing homes bought by households, compiled by national statistics offices to a common method, so growth rates compare but levels do not. The euro area now has 21 countries. INSEE covers existing homes only, so its France figure is a different measure from Eurostat's. Eurostat's ownership rate is a share of people, not households, so it is not comparable with the US, England or Canada rates.

What is happening to China's property market?

China's property downturn continues. Investment in development, sales of new homes and new construction all fell sharply again in the first nine months of 2026, and new-home prices are lower than a year earlier in Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

1. 1 Shanghai 102.8
2. 2 Shenzhen 99.0
3. 3 Guangzhou 98.9
4. 4 Beijing 97.3

• Real estate development investment was 5,336.4 billion yuan in January to September 2026, down 20.6% on a comparable basis; residential investment was 4,112.5 billion yuan, down 20.5%. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, Oct 2026)
• Sales of newly built commercial buildings were 5,379.9 billion yuan, down 13.9%, on 564.83 million square metres of floor space, down 13.2%. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, Oct 2026)
• Residential floor space newly started was 247.74 million square metres, down 25.4%. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, Oct 2026)
• Unsold newly built commercial floor space was 748.25 million square metres at the end of September 2026, down 1.5% on a year earlier. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, Oct 2026)
• Online transactions of second-hand homes covered 617.46 million square metres, up 10.7%, on housing ministry data quoted by the bureau. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, Oct 2026)
• In 2025 as a whole, development investment was 8,278.8 billion yuan, down 17.2%, and sales of newly built commercial buildings were 8,393.7 billion yuan, down 12.6%. (National Bureau of Statistics of China, Jan 2026)

Growth rates are on the bureau's comparable basis and do not equal the change between published levels. Floor space is measured in square metres, not homes, and sales cover new (primary-market) buildings only. City prices are indices for new homes in municipal districts.

How are house prices changing around the world?

After inflation, global house prices are drifting lower and are only a little above their pre-pandemic level. Japan shows a different housing problem: a record share of its homes stand empty.

1. 1 Türkiye 105%
2. 2 Australia 23%
3. 3 Mexico 22%
4. 4 United States 18%
5. 5 Global 2.7%

• Real global house prices fell 1.2% year on year in the first quarter of 2026: 0.2% in advanced economies and 2.0% in emerging market economies. In nominal terms they rose 1.7%. (BIS, Aug 2026)
• Since the end of 2019, real global prices have risen 2.7%; among G20 economies Türkiye rose 105%, Australia 23%, Mexico 22% and the United States 18%, while China fell 22%, Canada 9% and Indonesia 8%. (BIS, Aug 2026)
• Real global prices are 20% above their level at the end of the 2007-09 financial crisis, with the US up 56% and India 62%, while Italy is 24% and China 15% below. (BIS, Aug 2026)
• In the year to the first quarter of 2026, real prices rose most in Portugal (15%), North Macedonia (13%) and Bulgaria (11%), and fell most in China and Canada (both 7%) and New Zealand (4%); the US and UK were each down 2% in real terms. (BIS, Aug 2026)
• Japan had a record 9.002 million vacant homes in October 2023, a record 13.8% of its 65.047 million dwellings. (Statistics Bureau of Japan, Oct 2024)

BIS figures are inflation-adjusted (real) unless stated and combine national indices weighted by GDP, so they differ from the nominal national figures elsewhere on this page. Japan's vacant homes include second homes and homes for sale or rent, so the figure is not comparable with US vacancy rates; the survey runs every five years.

Methodology and sources

Figures come from official statistics bodies (US Census Bureau, BLS, HUD, FHFA, the Federal Reserve, ONS, HM Land Registry, HMRC, Statistics Canada, ABS, Eurostat, Destatis, INSEE, China's statistics bureau, BIS), from industry bodies that publish primary data (NAR, NAHB, CREA, Freddie Mac) and from the public-record data company ATTOM. Each figure links to its producer, with the date. Different measures of the same thing, such as NAR's median, Census new-home prices and the FHFA and Case-Shiller indices, are named and kept apart, and monthly annual rates are never mixed with actual annual totals. Revised series use the current vintage. Forecasts are labelled with who made them and when. Where we calculated a figure from a producer's data, the text says so. The page is reviewed monthly and the date is shown at the top.

• ABS · Sep 2026
• ABS · Aug 2026
• Atlanta Fed · Aug 2026
• ATTOM · Jan 2026
• ATTOM · Jul 2026
• ATTOM · Sep 2026
• BIS · Aug 2026
• BLS (CPI) · Oct 2026
• BLS (CPI) · Nov 2026
• Census (ACS) · Oct 2026
• Census (ACS) · Oct 2026
• Census (Characteristics of New Housing) · 2025
• Census (Construction Spending) · Nov 2026
• Census (HVS) · Oct 2026
• Census (HVS) · Oct 2026
• Census (HVS) · Oct 2026
• Census (HVS) · Oct 2026
• Census (New Residential Construction) · Oct 2026
• Census (New Residential Construction) · Nov 2026
• Census (New Residential Construction) · Nov 2026
• Census (New Residential Sales) · Oct 2026
• Census (New Residential Sales) · Nov 2026
• Census (New Residential Sales) · Nov 2026
• CFPB (HMDA) · Dec 2024
• CREA · Oct 2026
• CREA · Jan 2026
• CREA · Oct 2026
• Destatis · Sep 2026
• Eurostat (EU-SILC) · Oct 2026
• Eurostat (house price index) · Oct 2026
• Federal Reserve (Z.1) · Sep 2026
• FHFA (House Price Index) · Oct 2026
• FHFA (House Price Index) · Aug 2026
• FHFA (House Price Index) · Nov 2026
• FHFA (loan limits) · Nov 2025
• Freddie Mac (housing supply) · Nov 2024
• Freddie Mac (PMMS) · Nov 2026
• Freddie Mac (PMMS) · Nov 2026
• HM Land Registry (UK HPI) · Oct 2026
• HM Land Registry (UK HPI) · Oct 2026
• HMRC · Oct 2026
• HMRC · Oct 2026
• HUD (AHAR) · May 2026
• HUD (Fair Market Rents) · Sep 2026
• HUD (Worst Case Housing Needs) · Jul 2025
• INSEE · Sep 2026
• MHCLG (English Housing Survey) · Jul 2026
• NAHB · Oct 2026
• NAHB · Oct 2026
• NAHB · Oct 2026
• NAR · Jun 2026
• NAR (existing-home sales) · Oct 2026
• NAR (existing-home sales) · Oct 2026
• NAR (existing-home sales) · Mar 2017
• NAR (Housing Affordability Index) · Mar 2026
• NAR (membership) · Jun 2026
• NAR (membership) · Jun 2025
• NAR (metro home prices) · Oct 2026
• NAR (metro home prices) · Oct 2026
• NAR (pending home sales) · Oct 2026
• NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers) · Nov 2026
• NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers) · Nov 2026
• NAR (Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers) · Nov 2024
• NAR (settlement) · Nov 2024
• NAR (settlement) · Sep 2024
• National Bureau of Statistics of China · Oct 2026
• National Bureau of Statistics of China · Jan 2026
• National Bureau of Statistics of China · Oct 2026
• New York Fed · Aug 2026
• New York Fed · Aug 2026
• ONS (housing affordability) · Mar 2026
• ONS (private rents) · Oct 2026
• S&P Cotality Case-Shiller · Oct 2026
• Statistics Bureau of Japan · Oct 2024
• Statistics Canada · Oct 2026
• Statistics Canada · Sep 2022